High School Science ILS Standards

Emerging and Future Technologies

Impacts of Computing

Algorithms and Programming

Data and Analysis

Networks and the Internet

Computing Systems

Algorithms: Describe how artificial intelligence drives many software and physical systems.

Algorithms: Implement an artificial intelligence algorithm to play a game against a human opponent or solve a problem.

Algorithms: Use and adapt classic algorithms to solve computational problems.

Algorithms: Evaluate algorithms in terms of their efficiency, correctness, and clarity.

Variables: Compare and contrast fundamental data structures and their uses.

Control: Illustrate the flow of execution of a recursive algorithm.

Modularity: Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules, or objects.

Modularity: Analyze a large-scale computational problem and identify generalizable patterns that can be applied to a solution.

Modularity: Demonstrate code reuse by creating programming solutions using libraries and application programming interfaces.

Program Development: Plan and develop programs for broad audiences using a software life cycle process.

Program Development: Demonstrate conversion of source code into machine code using compliers or interpreters.

Program Development: Explain security issues that might lead to compromised computer programs.

Program Development: Develop programs for multiple computing platforms.

Program Development: Use version control systems, integrated development environments, and collaborative tools and practices (code documentation) in a group software project.

Program Development: Develop and use a series of test cases to verify that a program performs according to its design specifications.

Program Development: Discuss social, economic, and ethical consequences of malfunctional software and software updates.

Program Development: Modify an existing program to add additional functionality and discuss intended and unintended implications (e.g., breaking other functionality).

Program Development: Evaluate key qualities of a program through a process such as a code review.

Program Development: Compare multiple programming languages and discuss how their features make them suitable for solving different types of problems.

Devices: Compare the characteristics and uses of traditional and emerging computing devices and systems.

Hardware and Software: Categorize the roles of operating system software.

Troubleshooting: Illustrate ways computing systems implement logic, input, and output through hardware components.

Collection, Visualization, and Transformation: Use data analysis tools and techniques to identify patterns in data representing complex systems.

Collection, Visualization, and Transformation: Select data collection tools and techniques to generate data sets that support a claim or communicate information.

Collection, Visualization, and Transformation: Analyze the ways in which automated data collection is utilized in society.

Interference and Models: Evaluate the ability of models and simulations to test and support the refinement of hypotheses.

Explain that the field of emerging technologies will be evolving and rapidly growing.

Compare existing and emerging technologies, ideas, and concepts.

Describe how emerging technologies are influencing current events at a local and global scale.

Predict the positive and negative societal, cultural, and economic impacts that emerging and future technologies may generate.

Create new or original work by applying emerging technologies.

Culture: Evaluate computational artifacts to maximize their beneficial effects and minimize harmful effects on society.

Culture: Evaluate the impact of equity, access, and influence on the distribution of computing resources in a global society.

Culture: Predict how computational innovations that have revolutionized aspects of our culture might evolve.

Safety Law and Ethics: Debate laws and regulations that impact the development and use of software.

Network Communication and Organization: Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., bandwidth, load, delay, topology).

Cybersecurity: Compare ways software developers protect devices and information from unauthorized access.

Religion

Sociology

Psychology

Anthropology

High School Electives

History

Geography

Economics/ Financial Literacy

Civics

Communicating Conclusions and Taking Informed Action

Evaluating Sources and Using Evidence

Developing Questions and Planning Inquiries

Inquiry

Earth's Place in the Universe

Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun's core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation.

Construct an explanation of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of matter in the universe.

Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.

Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.

Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.

Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth's formation and early history.

Earth's Systems

Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.

Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth's surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth systems.

Develop a model based on evidence of Earth's interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.

Use a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth systems result in changes in climate.

Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.

Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.

Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth systems and life on Earth.

Earth and Human Activity

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.

Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.

Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.

Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.

Analyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change and associated future impacts to Earth systems.

Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.

Engineering Design

Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.

Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.

Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.

Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.

Use mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Use a mathematical representation to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.

Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.

Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species' chances to survive and reproduce.

Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.

Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.

Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity

Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.

Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.

Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.

Create or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity.

Matter and Its Interactions

Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulomb's Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.

Energy

Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.

Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Evaluate questions about the advantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.

Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.

Explain how globalization affects the cultural, political, economic, and environmental characteristics of a place or region.

Analyze the elements of culture and explain the factors that shape these elements differently around the world.

Explain how cultures develop and vary in response to their physical and social environment, including local, national, regional, and global patterns.

Explain why anthropologists study culture from a holistic perspective.

Evaluate one's own cultural assumptions using anthropological concepts.

Apply anthropological concepts and anthropological knowledge to a variety of everyday, real-world situations.

Explain how local actions can have global consequences and how global patterns and processes can affect seemingly unrelated local actions.

Distinguish between the rights, roles, powers, and responsibilities of individuals and institutions in the political system and analyze the marginalization of multiple groups and perspectives in that system.

Explain the role of compromise and deliberation in the legislative process.

Evaluate the opportunities and limitations of participation in elections, voting, and the electoral process, and the impact disenfranchisement has on these processes.

Analyze constitutions, laws, and agreements to determine the degree to which they achieve justice, equality, and liberty.

Evaluate the U.S. Constitution's ability to establish a system of government with power, responsibilities, and limits, and explain how the U.S. Constitution has evolved/changed over time and is still debated.

Analyze civic dispositions, democratic principles, constitutional rights, and human rights and their impact on personal interests and multiple perspectives.

Identify and explain how political parties, the media, and public interest groups both influence and reflect social and political interests.

Compare and contrast the democratic concepts and principles inherent to the U.S. system of government..

Analyze the methods individuals can use to challenge laws to address a variety of public issues.

Evaluate public policies in terms of intended and unintended outcomes and related consequences on different communities, including the marginalization of multiple groups.

Analyze how scarcity and incentives influence the consumption choices for goods and services made by different individuals and communities and evaluate the role of scarcity, both from nature and human-made.

Evaluate how government policies are influenced by and impact a variety of stakeholders.

Analyze how advances in technology and investment in capital goods and human capital affect economic growth and standards of living.

Analyze the role of comparative advantage in global trade of goods and services.

Explain how current and past globalization trends and policies affect economic growth, labor markets, rights of citizens, the environment, and resource and income distribution.

Use marginal benefits and marginal costs to propose solutions to a significant issue for an individual or community and evaluate the effectiveness of applying cost/marginal benefits to account for economic differences across multiple communities.

Evaluate different market structures, including competitive markets, monopolies, and oligopolies; how those different market structures affect groups differently; examples of these markets in the United States; and the assumptions of each market type.

Evaluate how much competition exists within and among sellers and buyers within the markets to which the students or school community belong and other specific markets.

Use benefits and costs to evaluate the effectiveness of government policies to improve market outcomes.

Evaluate the extent to which specific government policies address inequalities, improve market outcomes, or reduce inefficiencies, and the unintended consequences of these policies for one's community and for diverse groups of people.

Analyze the ways in which market structures influence what is produced and distributed in a market system while accounting for disparity in both implementation and outcomes in one's own and other communities.

Use data and economic indicators to analyze past and current states of the economy and predict future trends and economic conditions among multiple, diverse communities.

Compare the benefits and problems of different economic systems (e.g., capitalism, socialism, communism, mixed systems), particularly their impact on equitable outcomes.

Understand how costs and benefits can be subject to individual circumstances and factors outside of one's control.

Explain the importance of making informed financial decisions by collecting information, planning, and budgeting while accounting for individual circumstances that can limit access to capital.

Explain how time, interest rates, and inflation influence saving patterns over a lifetime.

Analyze costs and benefits of different credit and payment options for goods and services, the role of lenders and interest, and the impact of each on individuals and multiple communities.

Evaluate risks and returns on diversified investments while accounting for the individual risk disposition among students.

Analyze how the cognitive biases, environmental influences, and access to resources and necessities of an individual can impact financial decision-making and the application of economic decision-making strategies.

Evaluate risk disposition and opportunity recognition for individual students and multiple communities, accounting for structural impacts on these dispositions.

Evaluate the disparate impact of government and private business policies related to banking, credit, and mortgage lending in one's own and others' contexts while using current economic indicators to analyze or propose future policies.

Use maps (created using geospatial and related technologies, if possible), satellite images, and photographs to display and explain the spatial patterns of physical, cultural, political, economic, and environmental characteristics.

Analyze how historical events and the diffusion of ideas, technologies, and cultural practices have influenced migration patterns and the distribution of the human population.

Evaluate how economic activities and political decisions impact spatial patterns at various scales.

Evaluate how short- and long-term climate variability affects human migration and settlement patterns, use of land and resources, and relationship with the land.

Describe and explain the characteristics that constitute culture.

Explain how a person's identity (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, spirituality/religion, ability status, socioeconomic group) shapes and is shaped by worldview.

Explain how characteristics of culture and measures of development shape an individual's worldview.

Evaluate how competition for scarce natural resources contributes to conflict and cooperation within and among countries.

Explain how mapping is used to claim political sovereignty and to obscure disagreements over the nature of space, human relationship with place, and power to determine how humans interact with landscapes, animals, and plants.

Use self-collected or pre-existing data sets to generate spatial patterns at multiple scales that can be used to conduct analysis or to take civic action.

Analyze data and trends at various scales to address inequalities in race, ethnicity, and gender across time and space.

Analyze different ways of representing geographic information in order to compare cartographers' perspectives, biases, and goals.

Analyze and explain how humans affect and interact with the environment and vice versa.

Evaluate how political and economic decisions have influenced cultural and environmental characteristics of various places and regions.

Analyze how human societies plan for and respond to the consequences of human-made and naturally occurring catastrophes and how these events affect trade, politics, and migration.

Explain how landscape; use of land and resources; and means of interacting with land, animals, and plants each reflect cultural beliefs and identities.

Evaluate the context of time and place as well as structural factors that influence historical developments.

Identify and analyze ways in which marginalized communities are represented in historical sources and seek out sources created by historically oppressed peoples.

Analyze primary and secondary historical sources from multiple vantage points and perspectives to identify and explain dominant narratives and counternarratives of historical events.

Analyze the causes and effects of global conflicts and economic crises.

Analyze multiple and complex causes and effects of events in the past.

Analyze the geographic and cultural forces that have resulted in conflict and cooperation. Identify the cause and effects of imperialism and colonization.

Analyze change and continuity across historical eras and identify what perspectives have typically influenced how historical eras are constructed.

Evaluate the methods used to promote change and the effects and outcomes of these methods on diverse groups of people.

Analyze how people and institutions have interacted with environmental, scientific, technological, and societal challenges.

Analyze the factors and historical context, including overarching movements, that influenced the perspectives of people during different historical eras.

Analyze the concept and pursuit of the "American Dream" and identify the factors that could promote or present barriers to the pursuit of the "American Dream" for multiple groups of people.

Identify and analyze the role of individuals, groups, and institutions in people's struggle for safety, freedom, equality, and justice.

Analyze key historical events and contributions of individuals through a variety of perspectives, including those of historically underrepresented groups.

Analyze the relationship between historical sources and the secondary interpretations made from them.

Create actionable, student-driven (or student-informed) questions that lead to social studies investigations beyond one's immediate cultural environment or lens.

Solicit feedback from stakeholder representatives and revise communication and action plans accordingly.

Use interdisciplinary lenses to identify local, regional, state, natural, or global concerns and anticipate the outcome possible solutions might have on all impacted communities, including marginalized communities.

Analyze existing structures, systems, and methodologies to determine what types of interventions or informed action will lead to increased equity, inclusion, and community and civic good.

Use deliberative processes and apply appropriate civic engagement strategies and procedures to address local, regional, or global concerns, and take action in or out of school.

Take measurable action to effect changes that bring about equity, inclusion, and the community and civic good.

Evaluate the outcomes of informed action and reflect on successes and failures of interventions or informed action that will lead to increased equity, inclusion, and community and civic good.

Develop culturally informed, student-driven supporting questions that contribute to inquiry and evaluate the purpose of supporting questions in the research and inquiry process.

Develop new supporting and essential questions by primary and secondary investigation, collaboration, and use of sources that reflect diverse perspectives (e.g., political, cultural, socioeconomic, race, religious, gender).

Determine the kinds of sources that will be helpful in answering compelling and supporting questions, taking into consideration multiple points of view represented in the sources, the types of sources available, and the potential uses of the sources.

Gather and evaluate information from multiple primary and secondary sources that reflect the perspectives and experiences of multiple groups, including marginalized groups.

Analyze evidence and identify counter perspectives to revise or strengthen claims.

Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims with evidence from multiple sources, while acknowledging counterclaims, perspectives, and biases.

Evaluate evidence to construct arguments and claims that use reasoning and account for multiple perspectives and value systems.

Develop and prepare communication by identifying stakeholders (or audiences) and evaluate what messages and media are likely to result in stakeholder support or opposition.

Identify scientific methodologies utilized in psychological research.

Evaluate the conclusions made by psychological research, including ethical concerns.

Understand a variety of psychological perspectives and apply their concepts and theoretical ideas to the investigation of similarities and differences in behavior and mental processes.

Analyze how biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors and their interactions influence individuals' behavior and mental processes.

Evaluate the complexities of human thought and behavior, as well as the factors related to the individual differences among people.

Identify and apply psychological thinking to personal and societal experiences and issues.

Apply psychological knowledge to one's daily life.

Use appropriate psychological terminology with reference to psychologists and their experiments and theories in order to explain the possible causes of and impact on behavior and mental processes.

Explain and analyze the distinction between a devotional assertion of religious beliefs and behaviors and the academic study of diverse devotional assertions from a nonsectarian perspective in specific social and historical contexts.

Describe and analyze examples of how religions are internally diverse at both macro levels (sects and divisions within traditions) and micro levels (differences within specific religious communities).

Describe and analyze examples of how religions evolve and change over time in response to differing social, historical, and political contexts.

Describe and analyze examples of how religions are embedded in all aspects of culture and cannot only be isolated to the "private" sphere.

Explain how religious identities shape and are shaped by the beliefs people hold, the behaviors they exhibit, and the ways people experience membership in intersecting communities.

Identify how internal diversity is evident in beliefs, behaviors, and experiences of belonging to various communities.

Analyze how beliefs, behaviors, and experiences of belonging to communities change over time.

Interpret how beliefs, behaviors, and experiences of belonging to various communities affect and are affected by other social, political, and cultural forces.

Give examples of how beliefs, behaviors, and community experiences shape and are shaped by one another in particular social and historical contexts.

Identify and apply sociological perspectives and a variety of sociological theories.

Analyze the impact of social structure, including culture, institutions, and societies.

Hypothesize how primary agents of socialization influence the individual.

Describe the impact of social relationships on the self and groups and on the socialization processes.

Explain the social construction of self and groups and their impact on the life changes of individuals.

Analyze the impact of stratification and inequality on groups and the individuals within them.

Emerging and Future Technologies

Impacts of Computing

Algorithms and Programming

Data and Analysis

Networks and the Internet

Computing Systems

Algorithms: Create prototypes that use algorithms to solve computational problems by leveraging prior student knowledge and personal interests.

Variables: Use lists to simplify solutions, generalizing computational problems instead of repeatedly using simple variables.

Justify the selection of specific control structures when tradeoffs involve implementation, readability, and program performance, and explain the benefits and drawbacks of choices made.

Control: Design and iteratively develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or to address a societal issue by using events to initiate instructions.

Control: Decompose problems into smaller components through systematic analysis, using constructs such as procedures, modules, or objects.

Modularity: Create artifacts by using procedures within a program, combinations of data and procedures, or independent but interrelated programs.

Modularity: Systematically design and develop programs for broad audiences by incorporating feedback from users.

Program Development: Evaluate licenses that limit or restrict use of computational artifacts when using resources such as libraries.

Program Development: Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make them more usable and accessible.

Program Development: Design and develop computational artifacts working in team roles using collaborative tools.

Program Development: Document design decisions using text, graphics, presentations, or demonstrations in the development of complex programs.

Program Development: Describe the characteristics and evaluate the impact of human computer interaction.

Devices: Explain how abstractions hide the underlying implementation details of computing systems embedded in everyday objects.

Hardware and Software: Compare levels of abstraction and interactions between application software, system software, and hardware layers.

Troubleshooting: Develop guidelines that convey systematic troubleshooting strategies that others can use to identify and fix errors.

Storage: Translate between different bit representations of real-world phenomena, such as characters, numbers, and images.

Storage: Evaluate the tradeoffs in how data elements are organized and stored.

Collection, Visualization, and Transformation: Create interactive data visualizations using software tools to help others better understand real-world phenomena.

Interference and Models: Create computational models that represent the relationships among different elements of data collected from a phenomenon or process.

Explain that the field of emerging technologies will be evolving and rapidly growing.

Compare existing and emerging technologies, ideas, and concepts.

Describe how emerging technologies are influencing current events at a local and global scale.

Predict the positive and negative societal, cultural, and economic impacts that emerging and future technologies may generate.

Create new or original work by applying emerging technologies.

Culture: Evaluate the ways computing impacts personal, ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices. Evaluate the ways digital social interactions impact personal, ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices.

Culture: Test and refine computational artifacts to reduce bias and equity deficits.

Culture: Demonstrate ways a given algorithm applies to problems across disciplines.

Social Interactions: Use tools and methods for collaboration on a project to increase connectivity of people in different cultures and career fields.

Safety Law and Ethics: Explain the beneficial and harmful effects that intellectual property laws can have on innovation.

Safety Law and Ethics: Explain the privacy concerns related to the collection and generation of data through automated processes that may not be evident to users.

Safety Law and Ethics: Evaluate the social and economic implications of privacy in the context of safety, law, or ethics.

Network Communication and Organization: Evaluate the scalability and reliability of networks by describing the relationship between routers, switches, servers, topology, and addressing.

Network Communication and Organization: Give examples to illustrate how sensitive data can be affected by malware and other attacks.

Network Communication and Organization: Compare various security measures, considering tradeoffs between the usability and security of a computing system.

Cybersecurity: Recommend security measures to address various scenarios based on factors such as efficiency, feasibility, and ethical impacts.

Cybersecurity: Explain tradeoffs when selecting and implementing cybersecurity recommendations.